First fix and second fix heating work
On a new build or extension, "first fix" is running pipework to radiator and boiler positions before walls are closed up; "second fix" is fitting radiators, thermostats and the boiler itself once decorating is done. Getting boiler flue routing agreed early avoids conflicts with other trades later.
Heating emergencies — what to do
If you smell gas, don't use any electrical switches, don't light a flame, turn off the gas supply at the meter if it's safe to reach, and call the National Gas Emergency Service on 0800 111 999 before calling a heating engineer. For no heat or hot water without a gas smell, check the boiler pressure and any error code before assuming a full breakdown.
Understanding the labour vs materials split
The boiler itself is often the largest single cost, but labour, flue work, and any additional pipework or radiator changes add up. If a quote looks cheap, check it specifies the same boiler tier (entry-level vs mid-range) as a competing quote, not just a lower labour charge.
Heating in older and period properties
Older properties often have narrower pipework, no cavity wall insulation, and sometimes a heating system not originally designed for full central heating throughout — all of which affect boiler sizing and radiator choice. A heating engineer working on a period property will usually assess the whole system, not just swap the boiler in isolation.
What size boiler do you actually need?
An oversized boiler costs more to buy and can run less efficiently; an undersized one struggles with demand, particularly hot water for multiple bathrooms. Sizing should be based on a heat loss calculation for the property and how many bathrooms/hot water outlets are used at once, not just the previous boiler's output copied across.
Gas safety duties for landlords
Landlords must have a valid Gas Safety Certificate (CP12) renewed every 12 months for any gas appliance in a rented property, and provide a copy to tenants. It's a legal requirement, and letting agents/insurers routinely check for it — failing to have one can invalidate insurance and result in prosecution.
Oil-fired boilers, what's different
Oil boilers are common in properties off the mains gas network, need an oil storage tank with its own maintenance and safety considerations, and are serviced by OFTEC-registered engineers rather than Gas Safe (which only covers gas). If you're off-grid, confirm your engineer's OFTEC registration specifically.
Water-based underfloor heating and your boiler
A water-based underfloor heating system runs off the boiler via a manifold, usually at a lower flow temperature than radiators, and needs the floor buildup to accommodate the pipework. It's often more efficient paired with a heat pump than a gas boiler, because of that lower operating temperature.